Muva nje, umcwaningi wengoma ebalulekile, isikhungo sase-tianjin se-biology yezimboni, i-Chinese academy of science, sesenze ubuchwepheshe be-enzyme ye-bio-textile, obuthatha indawo ye-caustic soda ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphambili kwezinto zokunyathelisa nokudaya, kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile, konga amanzi nogesi. , futhi iye yahlolwa imboni njengokunye okusha okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya yaseChina.
Wake wacabanga ngezimo lapho kwenziwa khona isikibha, ijini, noma ingubo oyigqokayo?Eqinisweni, izingubo ezimibalabala ziletha umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile.Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya ibilokhu imele umthamo wokukhiqiza osemuva ngokungcoliswa okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu.Eminyakeni yamuva, izimboni eziningi zendawo zokunyathelisa nezokudaya, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisemadolobheni asezingeni lokuqala, ziye zakhishwa noma zivalwa kancane kancane.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphrinta nokudaya kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile embonini yendwangu.Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezinqubomgomo, imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya ihlale ifuna ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe futhi iqhubekela phambili endleleni yokunyathelisa nokudaya okuluhlaza.
I-biotechnology, eyakhiwe ingoma ebalulekile, umcwaningi ovela esikhungweni se-tianjin se-industrial biology, i-Chinese academy of sciences, ethatha indawo ye-caustic soda ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphambili kwezinto zokunyathelisa nokudaya, inganciphisa kakhulu ukuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile, yonga amanzi nogesi, futhi ihlolwe imboni njengenye indlela emisha ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya yaseChina.
Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya idinga ngokushesha ukulwa nokungcola”Inkinga yamanje yokungcola embonini yendwangu yaseShayina isifinyelele ezingeni lapho kuphuthuma ukuyixazulula.Ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu zendabuko akulethi nje kuphela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kukhiqiza zonke izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ayingozi, okubangela ukulimala empilweni yethu.Umphakathi wonke kufanele umelane ngokuhlanganyela nenqubo yokukhiqiza engcolisayo nedlayo “”Kukhona okungenani amakhemikhali ayizi-8,000 emhlabeni asebenzisa amaphesenti angama-25 ezibulala-zinambuzane ukutshala ukotini ongewona we-organic ngesikhathi sokuguqula izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe izindwangu,” ngokusho kwedatha. ekhishwe yi-Earth Pledge.Lokhu kuzoholela emonakalweni ongenakulungiseka kubantu nasemvelweni, futhi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni zizoqhubeka ngemva kokuthengwa kwezingubo.Kudingeka inqwaba yamalitha amanzi ukucubungula indwangu, ikakhulukazi ukudaya kwendwangu, okudinga amalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.4 zamanzi.
Izibalo zemvelo zaseChina zikhombisa ukuthi imboni yendwangu ingcolisa kakhulu ezimbonini ezibalulekile.Ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini zendwangu kusezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kwezimboni ezingama-41 e-China, kanye nokukhishwa kwenqubo yokunyathelisa nokudaya kubala ngaphezu kwama-70% okukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezindwangu.
Ukwengeza, njengomthombo obalulekile wokungcoliswa kwamanzi, imboni yendwangu yaseShayina iphinde isebenzise isamba esikhulu semithombo yamanzi, ngemuva kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamanzi.Ngokombiko ophathelene nokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwezimboni ezimbonini ezibalulekile oshicilelwe yi-China yesayensi yezemvelo, isilinganiso sokuqukethwe okungcolisayo emanzini angcolile okunyathelisa nokudaywa kwe-China siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunamazwe angaphandle, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuphezulu kakhulu. njengoba izikhathi 3-4.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunyathelisa nokudaya amanzi angcolile akukona nje ukungcola okuyinhloko embonini, kodwa futhi udaka olukhiqizwa ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile anezinkinga ezithile ekwelapheni.
Phakathi kwazo, ukungcola okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu le-caustic soda ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphambili kwezinto zokunyathelisa nokudaya kubi kakhulu.“Kufanele uyiphathe nge-caustic soda, uyishise kanzima, bese uyithambisa nge-hydrochloric acid, okungamanzi amaningi amoshayo.”Kusho imenenja esebenze iminyaka eminingi embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalesi simo, ithimba eliholwa ingoma ebalulekile, umcwaningi esikhungweni se-tianjin se-industrial biotechnology ngaphansi kwe-Chinese academy of sciences, laqale laqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamalungiselelo ama-enzyme amasha angangena esikhundleni se-caustic soda.
Ukulungiswa kwe-enzyme yebhayoloji kuxazulula inkinga yokuphrinta nokudayaInqubo yendabuko yokuphrinta nokudaya inezinyathelo ezinhlanu: ukushiswa, ukwenza umdwebo, ukucwenga, ukwenza i-bleaching kanye nosilika.Nakuba ezinye izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zazivame ukukhiqiza ukulungiswa kwe-enzyme ngaphambi kokunyathelisa nokudaya, kodwa zisetshenziselwa inqubo yokwenza i-desizing.
U-Song Hui uthe, ukulungiswa kwe-enzyme kuwuhlobo lokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, i-catalyst ye-biological non-toxic, ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji okusekelwe endleleni yokulungiselela i-enzyme ukuxazulula imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya indlela ekahle yokungcoliswa okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, kodwa, ngemva kwalokho. izinhlobonhlobo zokulungiswa kwama-enzyme, izindleko eziphakeme zokulungiswa kwe-enzyme yenhlanganisela kanye nokuntuleka kokuhambisana nocwaningo lwezindwangu ezisizayo, inqubo yokwelapha ye-enzymatic ephelele yodayi ayikakhi.
Kulokhu, ithimba lengoma ebalulekile kanye nenani lezinkampani sebefinyelele ukubambisana okukhulu.Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, baye bahlakulela izinhlobonhlobo zekhwalithi ephezulu ye-textile bioenzyme amalungiselelo kanye nezinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa i-amylase, i-alkaline pectinase, i-xylanase ne-catalase.
"Ukwenza usayizi - ukulungiswa kwe-enzyme eyinhlanganisela kuxazulule inkinga enzima yokwenza ukotini we-polyester nendwangu empunga ye-polyester emsulwa.Esikhathini esedlule, ukukhishwa kwe-amylase kwakungaxazulula kuphela indwangu empunga ngokulinganisa isitashi, futhi indwangu empunga enengxube ye-PVA yayingabiliswa kuphela futhi isuswe ngezinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-alkali.Unjiniyela omkhulu we-Days spinning u-Ding Xueqin uthe, izinhlanganisela eziqukethe usilika ovimba amalangabi, izinhlobo zendwangu ye-polyester yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-alkali yokupheka, ngaphandle kwalokho izoncipha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-biological compound enzyme desizing effect kuhle kakhulu, ukuvimbela ukushwabana kwendwangu, ukuxolelwa. kanye nesitashi, i-PVA futhi ihlanzekile, futhi ngemva kokucubungula indwangu izwakala ithambile futhi ithambile, iphinde ixazulule inkinga yezobuchwepheshe yefekthri.
Yonga amanzi nogesi futhi unciphise ukuthuthwa kwendleNgokusho kwengoma ebalulekile, lapho inqubo yokukhipha i-enzymatic kanye nokucwengisiswa sekuqediwe, akugcini nje ngokusindisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenqubo yokwelapha evamile, kodwa futhi kunciphisa inani lesitimu esisetshenziswa enqubweni yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. izinga lokushisa, okusindisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esitimu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo evamile, yonga amaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangu-50 esitimu namaphesenti angama-40 kagesi.
Inqubo ye-Enzymatic pretreatment ithatha indawo yobuchwepheshe bendabuko be-caustic soda desizing kanye nenqubo yokucwenga ye-caustic soda, okunye kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo wokuvutshelwa kwe-biological caustic soda, i-ejenti yokucwenga namanye amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke, kunganciphisa kakhulu ukucutshungulwa kwamanzi angcolile inani le-pH kanye nenani le-COD, ama-ejenti amakhemikhali afana buyisela ngempumelelo i-ejenti yokucwenga engayenza emanzini angcolile inani le-COD ngaphambi kokugezwa lizokwehliswa ngaphezu kwama-60%.
“Ukulungiswa kwe-enzyme ye-Biocomposite kunezici zezimo zokwelashwa ezithambile, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokucaciswa okuhle.Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwe-bioenzyme kunomonakalo omncane ku-fiber kakotini, futhi kunomphumela wokuwohloka osebenzayo ku-starch slurry kanye ne-PVA slurry engutsheni empunga, engafinyelela umphumela omuhle wokudambisa.Izinga le-cotton fiber ephathwa ngalobu buchwepheshe liphezulu kakhulu kunelezindlela zendabuko, kusho ingoma.
Mayelana nodaba lwamanani oluthinta amabhizinisi okuphrinta nokudaya, ingoma ebalulekile yathi ukusebenza kahle kwe-enzyme ye-biocomposite kuphezulu, umthamo uphansi, intengo iyafana nezinsiza ezijwayelekile zendwangu, ngeke kwenyuse izindleko zokucubungula, amabhizinisi amaningi endwangu angakwazi. yemukele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-enzyme e-biological ekwelapheni kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwelashwa futhi kuthuthukise izinzuzo zezomnotho zemboni yendwangu ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi, ukuqeda izindleko zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ane-alkali, nokunciphisa inani lamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-AIDS. .
"Ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-enzymatic pretreatment technology ye-tianfang, ukwelashwa nge-enzymatic kwendwangu kakotini ehlanzekile engamamitha ayi-12,000 kanye nekhabhu ye-aramid hot-wave engamamitha ayi-11,000 kunganciphisa izindleko ngo-30% no-70% ngokulandelanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ye-alkaline yendabuko.""Kusho uDing.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2022